Why Do Foundations Crack?

Moving Soil

• Expanding soils: Some soils, like clay, swell up when wet and shrink when dry. This can make your foundation crack.
• Loose soil: Soil that isn’t packed well can settle over time, creating gaps under the foundation and causing cracks.

Poor Building

• Cheap materials: Using bad materials during construction can make the foundation weak and crack.
• Improper concrete curing: If concrete doesn’t dry properly, it might crack as it settles.

Weather Changes

• Freezing and thawing: In cold places, the freezing and thawing of soil can put a lot of pressure on the foundation.
• Droughts and heavy rain: Long dry periods can make soil shrink, and heavy rain can make it swell, stressing the foundation.

Types of Cracks and What They Mean

Hairline Cracks

• Mostly surface level and cosmetic: These are very thin cracks under 1/16 inch wide. They are usually from the concrete drying out and are not serious.

Vertical Cracks

• Common but should be watched: Found in poured concrete foundations, these cracks need to be monitored for changes over time.

Diagonal Cracks

• Show uneven settling: These cracks run at an angle and suggest that different parts of the foundation are settling at different rates.

Horizontal Cracks

• Sign of big structural problems: These cracks are serious and usually indicate extreme pressure from the outside soil, which could mean the foundation walls are bowing.

Stair-Step Cracks

• Seen in brick or block foundations: Look like a staircase and suggest movement in the foundation, often from soil pressure or settling issues.

Checking and Finding Cracks

Tools You Need

• Flashlight
• Measuring tape
• Foundation crack monitor

How to Inspect

• Look at both inside and outside walls: Check both the inside and outside of your home’s foundation for cracks.
• Write down crack details: Note the size, direction, and location of cracks.
• Measure cracks: Use a measuring tape to see how wide and long the cracks are and if they change over time.

When to Get Help

• Cracks keep getting bigger: If cracks are growing, call a professional.
• Moisture or leaks: These can point to serious issues.
• Many small or big cracks: If many or big cracks appear, call an expert.

Fixing Small Cracks Yourself

What You Need

• Epoxy or polyurethane injection kits
• Concrete patching compound
• Waterproofing sealer

How to Fix Cracks Step-by-Step

1. Clean the crack area: Make sure the area around the crack is clean.
2. Apply the filler: Follow the kit instructions to fill the crack.
3. Smooth the surface: Once the filler is nearly set, smooth it out.
4. Let it dry: Give the repair time to cure before it gets any stress or moisture.

Professional Fixes for Bigger Problems

Foundation Piers

• Steel or helical piers: These go deep into the ground to stabilize the foundation by reaching solid soil or rock layers.

Slabjacking

• Lifting sunken areas: A special mixture is pumped under the slab to lift it back up.

Carbon Fiber Straps

• Strengthen cracked walls: These straps are attached to walls to give extra support.

Preventing Future Cracks

Managing Water

• Good drainage: Ensure water flows away from the foundation.
• Maintain gutters and downspouts: Keep them clean to stop water from pooling around the foundation.

Soil and Yard Care

• Don’t plant trees too close: Tree roots can mess with the soil near your foundation.
• Keep soil moisture steady: Prevent soil from drying out or getting too wet.

Regular Checks

• Inspect the foundation often: Make this a regular part of home maintenance.
• Fix small issues quickly: Small problems can become big if ignored.

Busted Myths

Cracks Always Mean Huge Repairs

• Not all cracks are serious: Many cracks are minor and can be fixed easily.

DIY Can Fix Everything

• Experts are needed for serious issues: Some problems need professional help.

Small Cracks Are Okay

• Small cracks can become big issues: Monitor all cracks, no matter how small.

Extra Help and Resources

Local Help

• Building codes: Check local guidelines for building and repairing.
• Local inspections: Use local services for inspections.

Professional Help

• Certified repair experts: Hiring certified experts ensures good work.
• Structural engineers: For big issues, an engineer can offer a detailed look.

More Information

• Books on home care: There are many books to learn from.
• Online forums: Places to ask questions and get advice from homeowners.

Summary and What to Do Next

Keeping your foundation in good shape is key to a safe and valuable home. Regular checks, proper care, and timely fixes can save you from costly problems. If you think there’s a serious issue, get a professional to look at it. Stay on top of things, and keep your home strong and safe.

For expert help, contact our certified foundation repair professionals today!